As a Florida native I've been going to Walt Disney World my entire life. Here are a few pictures my Dad took on one of our trips in the 70's. The character outfits sure have changed!
IT Links for Students
I mentor students for cybersecurity, here are a few links that I often send to new students.
Unsupervised Learning, by Daniel Miessler
Home - Professor Messer IT Certification Training - CompTIA A+, Network+, Security+
Cybersecurity Certifications and Continuing Education | ISC2
Information Technology (IT) Certifications & Training | CompTIA
In Pursuit of Digital Trust | ISACA
National Institute of Standards and Technology (nist.gov)
Chippewa Engineer Boots
I bought a pair of Chippewa engineer boots around the end of 2015. I think I paid $200 maybe $230 I can’t remember. Usually when I buy something, I like to keep it until it falls apart. I took this picture probably six months after I purchased them.
I proceeded to wear these boots for the next five or six years, working, shitty jobs at a biker bar, selling honey, and working at Walt Disney World. Eventually went back to corporate America and I still wear them as my office boots even though I work from home so I don’t wear them as often.
I had to get patches put on since that was the cheapest option. I think it cost $150 to have them resoled and patched.
The price was almost the price of the boots originally but Chippewa quit making these and now it’s hard to find a pair of boots like this under $500.
The only boot care has been a few resoles, and rubbing coconut oil on them and polishing them maybe once a year.
My Time in the Wine World
Growing up in the 80's wine was not as popular in the US as it is now. It certainly wasn't in my house growing up and I knew nothing about it. When I was In my 20’s I wanted to learn all of the skills I considered “Adult Skills” so I decided to take up wine tasting.
I subscribed to Wine Spectator magazine, bought a huge wine encyclopedia on the world of wine and would spend hours pouring over the various regions and varietals. I love plants so this was right up my alley. I was working for Capital One in Tampa at the time administering their Nortel phone system so made a good wage. I decided to go down to Bern’s Steakhouse and see if I could get a part time gig in the wine department. I met with Ken Collura their Sommelier and he offered me a part time job.
As one of the perks of working at Bern’s I would be allowed to attend all of the wine tastings they held at their other location SideBern’s. This was an amazing benefit for me since my wine knowledge was so limited. I was suddenly attending private wine parties and tasting flights of wine while increasing my knowledge.
Of course there was still work to do at Bern’s and my tasks at the restaurant included pouring over 200 wines by the glass as well as taking diners on a tour through the wine cellar and restocking that cellar from a warehouse of over 500,000 bottles. The tours were a lot of fun and I was lucky enough to take Mario Lemieux on a tour, though I didn’t know who he was at the time.
People romanticize working in a restaurant or a bar, but as anyone that has worked in the restaurant world knows, its tons of hard work and passions run high. We would be slammed all night hustling to keep the waitstaff happy pouring glasses, making drinks and cleaning. My day job got busy so my time there was cut short but I was lucky enough to try many wonderful wines, my favorite was a 1973 Petite Sirah.
Life took over and I left Bern’s but still wanted to work in the wine industry full time. I continued working in IT but sent my resume to Morrell & Company in NYC. Morrell was founded in 1947 and is a wine retailer in Manhattan with a wine bar, an auction division, e-commerce site and a storage company. They needed someone to manage their AS/400 system and my role would be 50/50 IT support and learning the wine business. They flew me to NY and I was taken on a tour of the company and we discussed the position. I ended up not taking the job due to the cost of living in NYC being young and naïve and was not fully aware of the differences in daily life.
Many years past and I threw myself into the business world building my skills while working at JPMorgan until we went through an outsourcing of my division and I was presented with a severance package. I traveled across the country in an RV but that’s another story. When I arrived back in Florida I was out of a job and started to rebuild my life. I took many jobs but I was living down the street from Florida’s largest winery’s Lakeridge Winery. I applied and was hired to work in the tasting room taking guests on a tour of the winery culminating with a wine tasting.
I was also lucky enough to work various marketing events held at the winery and representing the winery externally at restaurant shows and festivals. The Orlando restaurant show was amazing, there were hundreds of vendors there offering samples. We arrived and we had to setup our stand. Lots of hot sweaty work needed to be done lugging in wine and our displays. Once we were setup we got changed and poured wine all day and educated consumers on the product.
We took turns exploring the show and I had Kobe beef, tons of cheese and all the wonderful food I could eat. I am not a foodie so this experience was an education for me. At the end of these shows, no one wants to carry what they have left back to the car so everyone starts trading wares.
I left with several giant bags of chocolate and other vendor’s wine, and my food tasting experience increased exponentially.
The next event I represented the winery at was Biketoberfest. This is an annual motorcycle rally that attracts over 100,00 people to the Daytona beach area. I was pouring a biker themed wine for this event and quickly learned that the women were more interested in the wine than the men. It was still a fun event and I met many interesting people, saw tons of amazing motorcycle’s and finished my trip at the Boot Hill Saloon and way too much fireball.
I left the winery to work for The Walt Disney Company as I had quite a few friends over there at the time. When I started at Disney I actually met with several restaurant managers as Disney offered a Sommelier program and training at the time. The Sommelier program they offered was focused on cast members that worked in the food and beverage areas of the company. I would have needed to move to a food and beverage area, then move into a waiter position for a while and I would eventually become qualified for the training.
I eventually left Disney and the wine world behind and went back into the Information Technology industry as making money in IT was much easier for me from my many years’ experience in that world.
I enjoyed my time in the wine world and seriously thought of taking courses at The Department of Viticulture and Enology at the University of California, Davis at one point. My advice for anyone that wants to work in the wine industry or become a sommelier, is to go to school or start working at a restaurant or liquor store. For most people there are many many years of grueling low paid work before you reach the point you want to be.
Juanita History
This was a document I created to help understand my Grandmother Juanitas side of the family. I believe I created this around 2008. New science and documents are possibly available so I will have to revisit this issue. March 2020
I’m writing this to record and share my thoughts and research with my family that descends from Juanita Brady. I call her Juanita Brady because that is how she identifies herself on the few records I have of her. On the 1935 Florida State Census she lives with her family and the head of the family is Mr. Phillips. However all of the children are listed as Brady’s including Juanita. On a document from her first marriage in 1937, she identifies herself as a Brady also. I have never found a document that listed Juanita as a Phillips, only Brady. So I have to go with what I’m provided in the records.
First of all, family research and DNA analysis is hard. It takes quite a bit of research and money to figure this stuff out. I love doing it, but its not a simple task to reconstruct your family’s past. Some people spend their entire lives and spend a fortune doing this, only to find very little accurate information.
The TV shows you watch like the George Lopez Show where they give guests an ethnic breakdown are based on poor science. There are several companies that use very old tests and will tell you what Native American tribe you match up with. These companies are known within the DNA community as a sham. People continue to use their services because they tell people what they want to hear, that they are a certain percentage of American Indian. The “TV” tests use only 13-100 CODIS markers to identify your origin. This technology is antiquated and the results are ambiguous at best. The new tests available today utilize 500,000 + markers within our DNA , a substantial difference.
If you want to have membership within a recognized tribe, you need to “prove” decent from a person on the various rolls. (Dawes, Baker, etc.) This is very hard to do and the majority of Americans with Indian ancestors are not on these documents.
If you have no records and want to trace your native ancestry with DNA only, which is our present situation, there are still a few things you can do. 23andme provides a test that will give you a geographic breakdown but it’s rather conservative. It’s split up into three percentages: European, African, and Asian. For people with American roots the Asian is the Native American percentage. Most “white” people get 98-99 % European since that’s what we are overwhelmingly. If you get a larger percentage of Asian 4-10 % then you have a good chance of having a Native ancestor.
Family Tree DNA has a new test that is to be released any day now. This test is supposed to be more granular in respect to ethnicity, but the Affymetrix chip that is used by FTDNA is geared toward Northern European heritage, so I’m not sure how well it will identify Asian or Native American markers. It will probably tell me all about my Irish and English ancestry, but that’s not the subject of this article.
Within the extended Tanner family there is debate about Juanita’s origins. Here are the competing stories. Feel free to add more if you have one…lol.
Story # 1. Walter Lee Brady and Missouri Bryant are her parents. This is the official story, but we have little proof if this is true or not. Here are my thoughts on this.
We don't have a birth certificate for Juanita yet and no sign of her on the 1920 Census. Now Juanita was born supposedly March 1920 and the 1920 census was taken in January. On that census if Missouri was her mother, then she was about to have her. But the census doesn't mention if a mother is with child, so we will never know.
Juanita Tanner shows up on the 1935 Florida Census for the first time. On that census the following people are listed:
J.A Phillips 50, Missouri Phillips 52, Annie Brady 29, Frank Brady 26, Council Brady 23, Juanta Brady 15 and Corine Farabee 4.
Now we know that Annie was back in the house since she had divorced Mr. Farabee and had Corine there as well. But what I want to point out is the fact that the first 3 children of Missouri’s were 3 years apart each. There is an eight year difference between Juanita and Council. It’s not impossible, but suspicious.
Story # 2. James A Phillips brought Juanita from another state were she was born to an Indian woman. Grandma always had stories of different mothers.
Story # 3. Juanita was the daughter of Missouri Bryant and a traveling Italian salesman who was a boarder in Missouri’s boarding house.
So above are the 3 stories we have to work with.
Before we get into what we have discovered lets discuss what we know about the family without all of these pesky records and DNA tests. Families often have legends that are passed down and many of them have quite a bit of truth in them. There are also things that people don’t want to pass on and feel ashamed of at the time so details are left out.
My job as a family historian is to find the facts and present them in a respectful manner. I loved Grandma Juanita and would have done anything for her, but I have tools that she didn’t have access to and the ability to analyze DNA and cross reference large databases of people that have submitted their genealogy and DNA.
In years past if you researched your family’s genealogy you could only go by what was recorded and what you are told. With DNA and the huge databases that have been compiled by 23andme, the Sorenson Foundation, and Family Tree DNA, we are able to see what others match our DNA report as their heritage. For example, I consider myself English and Irish with a small amount of Native American ancestry. This is what I have been told by family and the genealogy that I have done over the years. When I took the data that has been reported by over 50 people in the FTDNA database, I see an overwhelming English, Irish Ancestry.
I also see a bit of Cherokee and Choctaw ancestry. This seems to reflect what has been reported by my family over the years.
We have several people in our family that look rather “Native” so it’s not so far fetched for us to say we have Native heritage. We have a strong family history from the South and actually have living people in our family that “look Indian”.
So what does my (our) DNA say about Native Ancestry?
There are several tests that you can take to prove, or try to prove Native American ancestry. A Y-Chromosome test (native male line), mtDNA (native female line), and various autosomal DNA tests (the rest of your DNA).
We suspect Juanita’s native ancestry comes from the female Northern European line. I carry her mtDNA which was passed down from her mother.
It is the mtDNA U4 haplogroup which originates in Siberia or Finland from 30,000 years ago. It’s quite common in Ireland and the UK which makes sense if Missouri Bryant is her mother. I manage the U4 mtDNA group at FTDNA and it’s not Indian. It is one of the oldest mtDNA’s of Europe.
The Y-Chromosome won’t help us here with Juanita since that’s a male only test.
Autosomal DNA testing is rather new but I’ve taken a test and my results have linked me to numerous people throughout the world that share DNA with me. There are also other databases that I’ve submitted my DNA to and have found several distant cousins from Ireland, England, and Australia. Not much Native American yet, only a small amount.
So what can we do at this point to find our Native ancestry?
#1 wait. There are numerous studies and tests that are linking portions of our genomes to areas of the world.
#2 Test Uncle Bo. – He is the closest link we have to Native Ancestry from the way he looks to his age. When he dies… we will be out of luck. That would give us a direct link to Grandpa Tanner’s paternal line as well as grandma’s mtDNA and atDNA.
Any test I take will be diluted by 50% since I carry Bill Allen’s DNA as well as April’s. So without Grandma to test, Uncle Bo is the best chance we have.
Uncle Bo is 50% Grandma, 50% percent Grandpa. I’m 25% percent Grandma, 25% Grandpa and the other 50% my paternal line (Allen.) So as generations pass, it gets diluted more and more.
So if you have any information that I have not covered in this document, please send it my way. I would love to be disproved or scooped by a family member with new information.
I’m writing this to record and share my thoughts and research with my family that descends from Juanita Brady. I call her Juanita Brady because that is how she identifies herself on the few records I have of her. On the 1935 Florida State Census she lives with her family and the head of the family is Mr. Phillips. However all of the children are listed as Brady’s including Juanita. On a document from her first marriage in 1937, she identifies herself as a Brady also. I have never found a document that listed Juanita as a Phillips, only Brady. So I have to go with what I’m provided in the records.
First of all, family research and DNA analysis is hard. It takes quite a bit of research and money to figure this stuff out. I love doing it, but its not a simple task to reconstruct your family’s past. Some people spend their entire lives and spend a fortune doing this, only to find very little accurate information.
The TV shows you watch like the George Lopez Show where they give guests an ethnic breakdown are based on poor science. There are several companies that use very old tests and will tell you what Native American tribe you match up with. These companies are known within the DNA community as a sham. People continue to use their services because they tell people what they want to hear, that they are a certain percentage of American Indian. The “TV” tests use only 13-100 CODIS markers to identify your origin. This technology is antiquated and the results are ambiguous at best. The new tests available today utilize 500,000 + markers within our DNA , a substantial difference.
If you want to have membership within a recognized tribe, you need to “prove” decent from a person on the various rolls. (Dawes, Baker, etc.) This is very hard to do and the majority of Americans with Indian ancestors are not on these documents.
If you have no records and want to trace your native ancestry with DNA only, which is our present situation, there are still a few things you can do. 23andme provides a test that will give you a geographic breakdown but it’s rather conservative. It’s split up into three percentages: European, African, and Asian. For people with American roots the Asian is the Native American percentage. Most “white” people get 98-99 % European since that’s what we are overwhelmingly. If you get a larger percentage of Asian 4-10 % then you have a good chance of having a Native ancestor.
Family Tree DNA has a new test that is to be released any day now. This test is supposed to be more granular in respect to ethnicity, but the Affymetrix chip that is used by FTDNA is geared toward Northern European heritage, so I’m not sure how well it will identify Asian or Native American markers. It will probably tell me all about my Irish and English ancestry, but that’s not the subject of this article.
Within the extended Tanner family there is debate about Juanita’s origins. Here are the competing stories. Feel free to add more if you have one…lol.
Story # 1. Walter Lee Brady and Missouri Bryant are her parents. This is the official story, but we have little proof if this is true or not. Here are my thoughts on this.
We don't have a birth certificate for Juanita yet and no sign of her on the 1920 Census. Now Juanita was born supposedly March 1920 and the 1920 census was taken in January. On that census if Missouri was her mother, then she was about to have her. But the census doesn't mention if a mother is with child, so we will never know.
Juanita Tanner shows up on the 1935 Florida Census for the first time. On that census the following people are listed:
J.A Phillips 50, Missouri Phillips 52, Annie Brady 29, Frank Brady 26, Council Brady 23, Juanta Brady 15 and Corine Farabee 4.
Now we know that Annie was back in the house since she had divorced Mr. Farabee and had Corine there as well. But what I want to point out is the fact that the first 3 children of Missouri’s were 3 years apart each. There is an eight year difference between Juanita and Council. It’s not impossible, but suspicious.
Story # 2. James A Phillips brought Juanita from another state were she was born to an Indian woman. Grandma always had stories of different mothers.
Story # 3. Juanita was the daughter of Missouri Bryant and a traveling Italian salesman who was a boarder in Missouri’s boarding house.
So above are the 3 stories we have to work with.
Before we get into what we have discovered lets discuss what we know about the family without all of these pesky records and DNA tests. Families often have legends that are passed down and many of them have quite a bit of truth in them. There are also things that people don’t want to pass on and feel ashamed of at the time so details are left out.
My job as a family historian is to find the facts and present them in a respectful manner. I loved Grandma Juanita and would have done anything for her, but I have tools that she didn’t have access to and the ability to analyze DNA and cross reference large databases of people that have submitted their genealogy and DNA.
In years past if you researched your family’s genealogy you could only go by what was recorded and what you are told. With DNA and the huge databases that have been compiled by 23andme, the Sorenson Foundation, and Family Tree DNA, we are able to see what others match our DNA report as their heritage. For example, I consider myself English and Irish with a small amount of Native American ancestry. This is what I have been told by family and the genealogy that I have done over the years. When I took the data that has been reported by over 50 people in the FTDNA database, I see an overwhelming English, Irish Ancestry.
I also see a bit of Cherokee and Choctaw ancestry. This seems to reflect what has been reported by my family over the years.
We have several people in our family that look rather “Native” so it’s not so far fetched for us to say we have Native heritage. We have a strong family history from the South and actually have living people in our family that “look Indian”.
So what does my (our) DNA say about Native Ancestry?
There are several tests that you can take to prove, or try to prove Native American ancestry. A Y-Chromosome test (native male line), mtDNA (native female line), and various autosomal DNA tests (the rest of your DNA).
We suspect Juanita’s native ancestry comes from the female Northern European line. I carry her mtDNA which was passed down from her mother.
It is the mtDNA U4 haplogroup which originates in Siberia or Finland from 30,000 years ago. It’s quite common in Ireland and the UK which makes sense if Missouri Bryant is her mother. I manage the U4 mtDNA group at FTDNA and it’s not Indian. It is one of the oldest mtDNA’s of Europe.
The Y-Chromosome won’t help us here with Juanita since that’s a male only test.
Autosomal DNA testing is rather new but I’ve taken a test and my results have linked me to numerous people throughout the world that share DNA with me. There are also other databases that I’ve submitted my DNA to and have found several distant cousins from Ireland, England, and Australia. Not much Native American yet, only a small amount.
So what can we do at this point to find our Native ancestry?
#1 wait. There are numerous studies and tests that are linking portions of our genomes to areas of the world.
#2 Test Uncle Bo. – He is the closest link we have to Native Ancestry from the way he looks to his age. When he dies… we will be out of luck. That would give us a direct link to Grandpa Tanner’s paternal line as well as grandma’s mtDNA and atDNA.
Any test I take will be diluted by 50% since I carry Bill Allen’s DNA as well as April’s. So without Grandma to test, Uncle Bo is the best chance we have.
Uncle Bo is 50% Grandma, 50% percent Grandpa. I’m 25% percent Grandma, 25% Grandpa and the other 50% my paternal line (Allen.) So as generations pass, it gets diluted more and more.
So if you have any information that I have not covered in this document, please send it my way. I would love to be disproved or scooped by a family member with new information.
My Origins by FTDNA
FTDNA released an update to their population finder tool. My old percentage was 90% Orcadian and 10 % Mediterranean.
My new percentage is, 100 Percent European.
If I click on the + symbol next to European, I can expand this to four different reference populations.
My population breakdown is:
56% European Coastal Islands
European Coastal Islands is typical to the British Isles, especially Ireland. Its reach includes all European Islands from the far north and down south to the Azores Islands off the coast of Spain. The continuous mixing of European populations means that this group is also present in lesser amounts on the mainland. Genetically close to European Coastal Plain and European Northlands, European Coastal Islands has had an impact on the demography of the world because of the explosion of population in the Anglosphere over the past few centuries.
The farmers came to Britain late, but when they came they brought great change. The hunters were assimilated by the farmer. This admixture caused the European Coastal Islands as we know it to become a hybrid of farmer and hunter. Perhaps due to its isolation and strategic placement, the major powers in the world and throughout history have wanted to rule the islands. From Caesar to the Irish king Niall of the Nine Hostages, we see the wide variety of genetic influence from the Celts, Picts, Vikings, Normans and French.
29% European Coastal Plain
The European Coastal Plain combines nearly all of the threads of European genetic history into one. This cluster goes from the Bay of Biscay near Spain, toward the Pripet Marshes of western Russia, to the coastal plain of Northern Europe. The hunter-gatherer, farmer, and intruder from the steppes were forged together as one people. The French and the German were created by the intersection between the civilized and the barbarian during antiquity. With this diverse ancestry across the uniform plain, a relatively unified cluster was born.
European Coastal Plain represents the diverse groups brought together over the past 5,000 years, as Germans, Celts, and Slavs have moved in with their cattle, and the Romans brought their mills and cities. This cluster is common among many populations with Northern European heritage. Germanic migrations after the fall of Rome guaranteed its presence in the south. The people on the European Coastal Plain are at the heart of recent history. Being the engines behind the Great Powers of the age, they became the dominant actors in colonization of the world.
8% North Mediterranean
The North Mediterranean cluster is a distinct European cluster. It is situated in the southwest of Europe from Spain to Greece. Its people are a mix of the first hunter-gatherers to reach Europe and later migrations from Western Eurasia. There were two waves into the area: first the farmers of the Middle East and later the Roman Empire.
A long history of traveling merchants and seafarers shaped this group. The great empires of Rome and Greece brought it to distant lands. They also brought a second wave of Western Eurasian influence into the cluster. Its modern geography speaks to the history of those who moved, either willingly or in chains, under the Roman Empire. Because of this, the cluster’s signature is strongest in the western part of the Mediterranean. It is particularly strong on the isolated island of Sardinia. It reaches upwards to the British Islands, as well as east into modern Turkey.
They have the same genetic origin as those who reached north to what is now Sweden. While the culture survived there, the genetic signature was largely replaced by later migrations.
7% North Circumpolar
The world is not such a wide place at the top and the bottom. The North Circumpolar cluster began around the arctic as hunter-gatherer peoples. They have carried their genes down to the modern era. The North Circumpolar stretches from Lappland east to Greenland. Though genetically diverse, the root of many of these populations is a genetic signature found most often in Finnic peoples.
These are the descendants of hunter-gatherers who withstood the push of the farmers. They adapted, and flourished, in a new age. Like the Bering Expansion, this cluster goes beyond conventional divisions, and has clear connections with both east and west. Even the New World is connected to North Circumpolar due to their shared kinship with ancient Siberia.
Humans pushed into the deep north only within the last 30,000 years, going where no Neanderthal had dared. With connections to populations in the south, the northerners maintained long term lateral connections and developed a coherence as the ice retreated. North Circumpolar has its roots with Saami hunters and fishers, as well as Uralic, Russian, Swedish, and even Scandinavian ancestries.
Overall I'm quite pleased with the new product since it is an update to an existing product that I purchased several years ago.This is a good example of a DNA test providing results for a long time. This test matches my known ancestry from genealogy.
More info here: https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/ftdna/myorigins-population-clusters/
My new percentage is, 100 Percent European.
If I click on the + symbol next to European, I can expand this to four different reference populations.
My population breakdown is:
56% European Coastal Islands
European Coastal Islands is typical to the British Isles, especially Ireland. Its reach includes all European Islands from the far north and down south to the Azores Islands off the coast of Spain. The continuous mixing of European populations means that this group is also present in lesser amounts on the mainland. Genetically close to European Coastal Plain and European Northlands, European Coastal Islands has had an impact on the demography of the world because of the explosion of population in the Anglosphere over the past few centuries.
The farmers came to Britain late, but when they came they brought great change. The hunters were assimilated by the farmer. This admixture caused the European Coastal Islands as we know it to become a hybrid of farmer and hunter. Perhaps due to its isolation and strategic placement, the major powers in the world and throughout history have wanted to rule the islands. From Caesar to the Irish king Niall of the Nine Hostages, we see the wide variety of genetic influence from the Celts, Picts, Vikings, Normans and French.
29% European Coastal Plain
The European Coastal Plain combines nearly all of the threads of European genetic history into one. This cluster goes from the Bay of Biscay near Spain, toward the Pripet Marshes of western Russia, to the coastal plain of Northern Europe. The hunter-gatherer, farmer, and intruder from the steppes were forged together as one people. The French and the German were created by the intersection between the civilized and the barbarian during antiquity. With this diverse ancestry across the uniform plain, a relatively unified cluster was born.
European Coastal Plain represents the diverse groups brought together over the past 5,000 years, as Germans, Celts, and Slavs have moved in with their cattle, and the Romans brought their mills and cities. This cluster is common among many populations with Northern European heritage. Germanic migrations after the fall of Rome guaranteed its presence in the south. The people on the European Coastal Plain are at the heart of recent history. Being the engines behind the Great Powers of the age, they became the dominant actors in colonization of the world.
8% North Mediterranean
The North Mediterranean cluster is a distinct European cluster. It is situated in the southwest of Europe from Spain to Greece. Its people are a mix of the first hunter-gatherers to reach Europe and later migrations from Western Eurasia. There were two waves into the area: first the farmers of the Middle East and later the Roman Empire.
A long history of traveling merchants and seafarers shaped this group. The great empires of Rome and Greece brought it to distant lands. They also brought a second wave of Western Eurasian influence into the cluster. Its modern geography speaks to the history of those who moved, either willingly or in chains, under the Roman Empire. Because of this, the cluster’s signature is strongest in the western part of the Mediterranean. It is particularly strong on the isolated island of Sardinia. It reaches upwards to the British Islands, as well as east into modern Turkey.
They have the same genetic origin as those who reached north to what is now Sweden. While the culture survived there, the genetic signature was largely replaced by later migrations.
7% North Circumpolar
The world is not such a wide place at the top and the bottom. The North Circumpolar cluster began around the arctic as hunter-gatherer peoples. They have carried their genes down to the modern era. The North Circumpolar stretches from Lappland east to Greenland. Though genetically diverse, the root of many of these populations is a genetic signature found most often in Finnic peoples.
These are the descendants of hunter-gatherers who withstood the push of the farmers. They adapted, and flourished, in a new age. Like the Bering Expansion, this cluster goes beyond conventional divisions, and has clear connections with both east and west. Even the New World is connected to North Circumpolar due to their shared kinship with ancient Siberia.
Humans pushed into the deep north only within the last 30,000 years, going where no Neanderthal had dared. With connections to populations in the south, the northerners maintained long term lateral connections and developed a coherence as the ice retreated. North Circumpolar has its roots with Saami hunters and fishers, as well as Uralic, Russian, Swedish, and even Scandinavian ancestries.
Overall I'm quite pleased with the new product since it is an update to an existing product that I purchased several years ago.This is a good example of a DNA test providing results for a long time. This test matches my known ancestry from genealogy.
More info here: https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/ftdna/myorigins-population-clusters/
Jeremiah Allen Bastrop County Tax Assessments
Here are various Tax assessments from Bastrop County from 1850-1870 for my 4th Great Grandfather Jeremiah Allen.
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